feat: multi db support

2025-09-30 19:22:11 +00:00 · 2025-09-14 08:50:42 +02:00 · 2025-09-14 08:50:42 +02:00 · e9b8279241
commit e9b8279241
parent 10b2b36895
27 changed files with 2770 additions and 1464 deletions
--- a/.envrc
+++ b/.envrc
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+use flake . --show-trace
+dotenv_if_exists .env
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 *.deb
 *.rpm
 miniflux-*
+.direnv/
--- a/.helix/languages.toml
+++ b/.helix/languages.toml
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+[language-server]
+nil = { command = "nil" }
+taplo = { command = "taplo", args = ["lsp", "stdio"] }
+yaml-language-server = { command = "yaml-language-server", args = ["--stdio"] }
+marksman = { command = "marksman", args = ["server"] }
+vscode-json-language-server = { command = "vscode-json-language-server", args = [
+  "--stdio",
+], config = { json = { validate = { enable = true } } } }
+gopls = { command = "gopls", config = { staticcheck = true } }
+
+[[language]]
+name = "nix"
+auto-format = true
+formatter = { command = "nixpkgs-fmt" }
+language-servers = ["nil"]
+
+[[language]]
+name = "toml"
+auto-format = true
+language-servers = ["taplo"]
+
+[[language]]
+name = "yaml"
+auto-format = true
+formatter = { command = "prettier", args = ["--parser", "yaml"] }
+language-servers = ["yaml-language-server"]
+
+[[language]]
+name = "json"
+auto-format = true
+formatter = { command = "prettier", args = ["--parser", "json"] }
+language-servers = ["vscode-json-language-server"]
+
+[[language]]
+name = "markdown"
+auto-format = true
+formatter = { command = "prettier", args = ["--parser", "markdown"] }
+language-servers = ["marksman"]
+
+[[language]]
+name = "go"
+auto-format = true
+language-servers = ["gopls"]
+formatter = { command = "gofumpt" }
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -37,17 +37,21 @@ When reporting bugs:
 - **Git**
 - **Go >= 1.24**
 - **PostgreSQL**
+- **CockroachDB**
+- **SQLite**

 ### Getting Started

 1. **Fork the repository** on GitHub
 2. **Clone your fork locally:**
+
   ```bash
   git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/miniflux.git
   cd miniflux
   ```

 3. **Build the application binary:**
+
   ```bash
   make miniflux
   ```
@ -59,15 +63,11 @@ When reporting bugs:

 ### Database Setup

-For development and testing, you can run a local PostgreSQL database with Docker:
+For development and testing, you can run PostgreSQL and CockroachDB via docker compose:

 ```bash
-# Start PostgreSQL container
-docker run --rm --name miniflux2-db -p 5432:5432 \
-  -e POSTGRES_DB=miniflux2 \
-  -e POSTGRES_USER=postgres \
-  -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres \
-  postgres
+# Start PostgreSQL and CockroachDB containers
+docker compose -d
 ```

 You can also use an existing PostgreSQL instance. Make sure to set the `DATABASE_URL` environment variable accordingly.
@ -77,20 +77,27 @@ You can also use an existing PostgreSQL instance. Make sure to set the `DATABASE
 ### Code Quality

 1. **Run the linter:**
+
   ```bash
   make lint
   ```
+
   Requires `staticcheck` and `golangci-lint` to be installed.

 2. **Run unit tests:**
+
   ```bash
   make test
   ```

 3. **Run integration tests:**
   ```bash
-   make integration-test
-   make clean-integration-test
+   make integration-test-postgresql
+   make clean-integration-test-postgresql
+   make integration-test-cockroachdb
+   make clean-integration-test-cockroachdb
+   make integration-test-sqlite
+   make clean-integration-test-sqlite
   ```

 ### Building
@ -103,6 +110,7 @@ You can also use an existing PostgreSQL instance. Make sure to set the `DATABASE
 ### Cross-Platform Support

 Miniflux supports multiple architectures. When making changes, ensure compatibility across:
+
 - Linux (amd64, arm64, armv7, armv6, armv5)
 - macOS (amd64, arm64)
 - FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Windows (amd64)
@ -155,11 +163,13 @@ When creating a pull request, please include:
 ## Testing

 ### Unit Tests
+
 - Write unit tests for new functions and methods
 - Ensure tests are fast and don't require external dependencies
 - Aim for good test coverage

 ### Integration Tests
+
 - Add integration tests for new API endpoints
 - Tests run against a real PostgreSQL database
 - Ensure tests clean up after themselves
--- a/71
+++ b/71
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ DOCKER_IMAGE    := miniflux/miniflux
 VERSION         := $(shell git describe --tags --exact-match 2>/dev/null)
 LD_FLAGS        := "-s -w -X 'miniflux.app/v2/internal/version.Version=$(VERSION)'"
 PKG_LIST        := $(shell go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/)
-DB_URL          := postgres://postgres:postgres@localhost/miniflux_test?sslmode=disable
 DOCKER_PLATFORM := amd64

 export PGPASSWORD := postgres
@ -28,8 +27,12 @@ export PGPASSWORD := postgres
 	add-string \
 	test \
 	lint \
-	integration-test \
-	clean-integration-test \
+	integration-test-postgresql \
+	clean-integration-test-postgresql \
+	integration-test-cockroachdb \
+	clean-integration-test-cockroachdb \
+	integration-test-sqlite \
+	clean-integration-test-sqlite \
 	docker-image \
 	docker-image-distroless \
 	docker-images \
@ -103,17 +106,18 @@ lint:
 	staticcheck ./...
 	golangci-lint run --disable errcheck --enable sqlclosecheck --enable misspell --enable gofmt --enable goimports --enable whitespace

-integration-test:
-	psql -U postgres -c 'drop database if exists miniflux_test;'
-	psql -U postgres -c 'create database miniflux_test;'
+integration-test-postgresql:
+	psql -U postgres -p 5432 -d postgres -c 'drop database if exists miniflux2;'
+	psql -U postgres -p 5432 -d postgres -c 'create database miniflux2;'

-	DATABASE_URL=$(DB_URL) \
+	go build -o miniflux-test main.go
+	DATABASE_URL='postgres://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/miniflux2?sslmode=disable' \
 	ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \
 	ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
 	CREATE_ADMIN=1 \
 	RUN_MIGRATIONS=1 \
 	LOG_LEVEL=debug \
-	go run main.go >/tmp/miniflux.log 2>&1 & echo "$$!" > "/tmp/miniflux.pid"
+	./miniflux-test >/tmp/miniflux.log 2>&1 & echo "$$!" > "/tmp/miniflux.pid"

 	while ! nc -z localhost 8080; do sleep 1; done

@ -122,10 +126,57 @@ integration-test:
 	TEST_MINIFLUX_ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
 	go test -v -count=1 ./internal/api

-clean-integration-test:
+clean-integration-test-postgresql:
 	@ kill -9 `cat /tmp/miniflux.pid`
 	@ rm -f /tmp/miniflux.pid /tmp/miniflux.log
-	@ psql -U postgres -c 'drop database if exists miniflux_test;'
+	@ psql -U postgres -d postgres -c 'drop database if exists miniflux2;'
+
+integration-test-cockroachdb:
+	psql -U postgres -d postgres -p 26257 -c 'drop database if exists miniflux2;'
+	psql -U postgres -d postgres -p 26257 -c 'create database miniflux2;'
+
+	go build -o miniflux-test main.go
+	DATABASE_URL='cockroach://postgres:postgres@localhost:26257/miniflux2?sslmode=disable' \
+	ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \
+	ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
+	CREATE_ADMIN=1 \
+	RUN_MIGRATIONS=1 \
+	LOG_LEVEL=debug \
+	./miniflux-test >/tmp/miniflux.log 2>&1 & echo "$$!" > "/tmp/miniflux.pid"
+
+	while ! nc -z localhost 8080; do sleep 1; done
+
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_BASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
+	go test -v -count=1 ./internal/api
+
+clean-integration-test-cockroachdb:
+	@ kill -9 `cat /tmp/miniflux.pid`
+	@ rm -f /tmp/miniflux.pid /tmp/miniflux.log
+	@ psql -U postgres -d postgres -c 'drop database if exists miniflux2;'
+
+integration-test-sqlite:
+	go build -o miniflux-test main.go
+	DATABASE_URL='file::memory:?cache=shared&_pragma=foreign_keys(ON)' \
+	ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \
+	ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
+	CREATE_ADMIN=1 \
+	RUN_MIGRATIONS=1 \
+	DEBUG=1 \
+	./miniflux-test >/tmp/miniflux.log 2>&1 & echo "$$!" > "/tmp/miniflux.pid"
+
+	while ! nc -z localhost 8080; do sleep 1; done
+
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_BASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \
+	TEST_MINIFLUX_ADMIN_PASSWORD=test123 \
+	go test -v -count=1 ./internal/api
+
+clean-integration-test-sqlite:
+	@ kill -9 `cat /tmp/miniflux.pid`
+	@ rm -f /tmp/miniflux.pid /tmp/miniflux.log
+	@ rm miniflux-test

 docker-image:
 	docker build --pull -t $(DOCKER_IMAGE):$(VERSION) -f packaging/docker/alpine/Dockerfile .
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-Miniflux 2
-==========
+# Miniflux 2

 Miniflux is a minimalist and opinionated feed reader.
 It's simple, fast, lightweight and super easy to install.

 Official website: <https://miniflux.app>

-Features
--------
+## Features

 ### Feed Reader

@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ Features
 - Share individual articles publicly.
 - Fetches website icons (favicons).
 - Saves articles to third-party services.
- Provides full-text search (powered by Postgres).
+- Provides full-text search.
 - Available in 20 languages: Portuguese (Brazilian), Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Dutch, English (US), Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Taiwanese POJ, Ukrainian, Spanish, and Turkish.

 ### Privacy and Security
@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ Features

 - Written in [Go (Golang)](https://golang.org/).
 - Single binary compiled statically without dependency.
- Works only with [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/).
+- Works with [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/), [CockroachDB](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/) and [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/).
 - Does not use any ORM or any complicated frameworks.
 - Uses modern vanilla JavaScript only when necessary.
 - All static files are bundled into the application binary using the Go `embed` package.
@ -109,8 +107,7 @@ Features
 - Only uses a couple of MB of memory and a negligible amount of CPU, even with several hundreds of feeds.
 - Respects/sends Last-Modified, If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match, Cache-Control, Expires and ETags headers, and has a default polling interval of 1h.

-Documentation
-------------
+## Documentation

 The Miniflux documentation is available here: <https://miniflux.app/docs/> ([Man page](https://miniflux.app/miniflux.1.html))

@ -130,8 +127,7 @@ The Miniflux documentation is available here: <https://miniflux.app/docs/> ([Man
 - [Internationalization](https://miniflux.app/docs/i18n.html)
 - [Frequently Asked Questions](https://miniflux.app/faq.html)

-Screenshots
-----------
+## Screenshots

 Default theme:

@ -141,8 +137,7 @@ Dark theme when using keyboard navigation:

 ![Dark theme](https://miniflux.app/images/item-selection-black-theme.png)

-Credits
-------
+## Credits

 - Authors: Frédéric Guillot - [List of contributors](https://github.com/miniflux/v2/graphs/contributors)
 - Distributed under Apache 2.0 License
--- a/contrib/sysvinit/etc/init.d/miniflux
+++ b/contrib/sysvinit/etc/init.d/miniflux
@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 # Provides:          miniflux
 # Required-Start:    $syslog $network
 # Required-Stop:     $syslog
-# Should-Start:      postgresql
-# Should-Stop:       postgresql
+# Should-Start:      postgresql cockroachdb
+# Should-Stop:       postgresql cockroachdb
 # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
 # Default-Stop:      0 1 6
 # Short-Description: A rss reader
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+services:
+  postgresql:
+    image: postgres:17.6
+    volumes:
+      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    ports:
+      - 5432:5432
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: miniflux2
+      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "pg_isready -d miniflux2 -U postgres"]
+      timeout: 30s
+      interval: 5s
+
+  cockroachdb:
+    image: cockroachdb/cockroach:v23.2.28
+    command: start-single-node --insecure
+    volumes:
+      - cockroach-data:/cockroach/cockroach-data
+    environment:
+      COCKROACH_DATABASE: miniflux2
+      COCKROACH_USER: postgres
+    ports:
+      - "26257:26257"
+      - "26258:8080"
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "cockroach", "sql", "--insecure", "--host=localhost:26257", "-e", "select 1"]
+      timeout: 30s
+      interval: 5s
+
+volumes:
+  postgres-data:
+    driver: local
+  cockroach-data:
+    driver: local
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "flake-utils": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "systems": "systems"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1731533236,
+        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1757545623,
+        "narHash": "sha256-mCxPABZ6jRjUQx3bPP4vjA68ETbPLNz9V2pk9tO7pRQ=",
+        "owner": "nixos",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "8cd5ce828d5d1d16feff37340171a98fc3bf6526",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nixos",
+        "ref": "nixos-25.05",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+      }
+    },
+    "systems": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1681028828,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  inputs = {
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-25.05";
+    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
+  };
+
+  outputs =
+    { nixpkgs, flake-utils, ... }:
+    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (
+      system:
+      let
+        pkgs = import nixpkgs {
+          inherit system;
+          config.allowUnfree = true;
+        };
+      in
+      {
+        devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+          PGHOST = "localhost";
+          PGPORT = 5432;
+          PGPASSWORD = "postgres";
+          PGUSER = "postgres";
+          PGDATABASE = "miniflux2";
+
+          COCKROACH_URL = "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:26257/miniflux2";
+          COCKROACH_INSECURE = true;
+
+          packages = with pkgs; [
+            git
+
+            gnumake
+            foreman
+
+            nil
+            nixfmt-rfc-style
+
+            nodePackages.prettier
+            nodePackages.yaml-language-server
+            nodePackages.vscode-langservers-extracted
+            markdownlint-cli
+            nodePackages.markdown-link-check
+            marksman
+            taplo
+
+            go
+            gopls
+            go-tools
+            gofumpt
+            golangci-lint
+
+            postgresql
+            cockroachdb
+            sqlite
+            usql
+          ];
+        };
+      }
+    );
+}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/net v0.44.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.31.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.35.0
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.0
 )

 require (
@ -28,21 +29,29 @@ require (
 	github.com/andybalholm/cascadia v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
+	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
 	github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2 v2.8.3 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.29.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
 )

 go 1.24.0
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.15.0/go.mod h1:HaZ3szPaZ0e4r6ebqvsLWlk2Tn+aejfmr
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
+github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 h1:NpKPmjDBgUfBms6tr6JZkTHtfFGcMKsw3eGcmD/sapM=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0/go.mod h1:vM4b+DJCtHn+zz7h3FFp/hDAI9WNWCsZj23V5ytsSxQ=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 h1:M6T8+mKZl/+fNNuFHvGIzDz7BTLQPIounk/b9dw3AaE=
@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.5 h1:ocUmnDebX54dnW+MQWGQRbdaAcJELsa6PqZhJ48KwVU=
 github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.5/go.mod h1:h9jEsEECg7gtLis0upRBQU+GhYVH6jMjrFxI8u6bVUY=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e h1:ijClszYn+mADRFY17kjQEVQ1XRhq2/JR1M3sGqeJoxs=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e/go.mod h1:boTsfXsheKC2y+lKOCMpSfarhxDeIzfZG1jqGcPl3cA=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 h1:TuBL49tXwgrFYWhqrNgrUNEY92u81SPhu7sTdzQEiWY=
@ -42,10 +46,14 @@ github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 h1:YXG7RB+JIjhP29X+OtkiDnYaXQwpS4JEWq7dtCCRUEw=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9/go.mod h1:AlVN5x4E4T544tWzH6hKfbfQvm3HdbOxrmggDNAPY9o=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
+github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 h1:jeMsZIYE/09sWLaz43PL7Gy6RuMjD2eJVyuac5Z2hdY=
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0/go.mod h1:bFUtVrKA4DC2yAKiSyO/QUcy7e+RRV2QTWOzhPopBRo=
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 h1:bY0MQC28UADQmHmaF5dgpLmImcShSi2kHU9XLdhx/f4=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9/go.mod h1:Fwc5htZGVVkseilnfgOVb9mKy6w1naJmn9CehxcKcls=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 h1:Je96obch5RDVy3FDMndoUsjAhG5Edi49h0RJWRi/o0o=
@ -56,6 +64,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 h1:h5E0h5/Y8niHc5DlaLlWLArTQI7tMrsfQjHV+d9Z
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1/go.mod h1:gcaUsgf3KfRSwHY4dIMXLPV0K/Wg1oZ8+SbZk/HH/dA=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 h1:hZ15bTNuirocR6u0JZ6BAHHmwS1p8B4P6MRqxtzMyRg=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1/go.mod h1:teAbpZRB1iIAJYREa1LsoWUXykVXA1KlTmWl8x/U+Is=
+github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec h1:W09IVJc94icq4NjY3clb7Lk8O1qJ8BdBEF8z0ibU0rE=
+github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0/go.mod h1:UQnix2H7Ngw/k4C5ijL5+65zddjncjaFoBhdsK/akog=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
@ -85,6 +95,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0/go.mod h1:kDsLvtWBEx7MV9tJOj9bnXsPbxwJQ6csT/x4KIN4Ssk=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.42.0 h1:chiH31gIWm57EkTXpwnqf8qeuMUi0yekh6mT2AvFlqI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4+rDnOTJhQCx2q7/j6rAN5XDw8kPjeaXEUR2eL94ix8=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b h1:M2rDM6z3Fhozi9O7NWsxAkg/yqS/lQJ6PmkyIV3YP+o=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b/go.mod h1:3//PLf8L/X+8b4vuAfHzxeRUl04Adcb341+IGKfnqS8=
 golang.org/x/image v0.31.0 h1:mLChjE2MV6g1S7oqbXC0/UcKijjm5fnJLUYKIYrLESA=
 golang.org/x/image v0.31.0/go.mod h1:R9ec5Lcp96v9FTF+ajwaH3uGxPH4fKfHHAVbUILxghA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
@ -92,6 +104,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 h1:kb+q2PyFnEADO2IEF935ehFUXlWiNjJWtRNgBLSfbxQ=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0/go.mod h1:rWI627Fq0DEoudcK+MBkNkCe0EetEaDSwJJkCcjpazc=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
@ -112,12 +126,15 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
@ -153,6 +170,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0 h1:kWS0uv/zsvHEle1LbV5LE8QujrxB3wfQyxHfhOk0Qkg=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.36.0/go.mod h1:WBDiHKJK8YgLHlcQPYQzNCkUxUypCaa5ZegCVutKm+s=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8 h1:xHScyCOEuuwZEc6UtSOvPbAT4zRh0xcNRYekJwfqyMc=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8/go.mod h1:fuxRtAxBytpl4zzqUh6/eyUujkJdNiuEkXntxiD/uRU=
@ -161,3 +180,29 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.2 h1:991HMkLjJzYBIfha6ECZdjrIYz2/1ayr+FL8GN+CNzM=
+modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.26.2/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.28.0 h1:rjznn6WWehKq7dG4JtLRKxb52Ecv8OUGah8+Z/SfpNU=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.28.0/go.mod h1:JygV3+9AV6SmPhDasu4JgquwU81XAKLd3OKTUDNOiKE=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.8 h1:qtzNm7ED75pd1C7WgAGcK4edm4fvhtBsEiI/0NQ54YM=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.8/go.mod h1:HxmghZSZVAz/LXcMNwZPA/DRrQZEVP9VX0V4LQGQFOc=
+modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
+modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:YgIahr1ypgfe7chRuJi2gD7DBQiKSLMPgBQe9oIiito=
+modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0 h1:HvEowk7LxcPd0eq6mVOAEMai46V+i7Jrj13t4AzuNks=
+modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:CEFRnnJhKvWT1c1JTI3Avm+tgOWbkOu5oPA8eH8LnMI=
+modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 h1:cfCbjTUcdsKyyZZfEUKfoHcP3S0Wkvz3jgSzByEWVCQ=
+modernc.org/libc v1.66.3/go.mod h1:XD9zO8kt59cANKvHPXpx7yS2ELPheAey0vjIuZOhOU8=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
+modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 h1:o4QC8aMQzmcwCK3t3Ux/ZHmwFPzE6hf2Y5LbkRs+hbI=
+modernc.org/memory v1.11.0/go.mod h1:/JP4VbVC+K5sU2wZi9bHoq2MAkCnrt2r98UGeSK7Mjw=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
+modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
+modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.0 h1:6bwu9Ooim0yVYA7IZn9demiQk/Ejp0BtTjBWFLymSeY=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.39.0/go.mod h1:cPTJYSlgg3Sfg046yBShXENNtPrWrDX8bsbAQBzgQ5E=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
+modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
+modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
--- a/internal/cli/cli.go
+++ b/internal/cli/cli.go
@ -168,7 +168,13 @@ func Parse() {
 		printErrorAndExit(fmt.Errorf("unable to generate javascript bundle: %v", err))
 	}

+	kind, err := database.DetectKind(config.Opts.DatabaseURL())
+	if err != nil {
+		printErrorAndExit(fmt.Errorf("unable to parse database kind: %v", err))
+	}
+
 	db, err := database.NewConnectionPool(
+		kind,
 		config.Opts.DatabaseURL(),
 		config.Opts.DatabaseMinConns(),
 		config.Opts.DatabaseMaxConns(),
@ -179,14 +185,14 @@ func Parse() {
 	}
 	defer db.Close()

-	store := storage.NewStorage(db)
+	store := storage.NewStorage(kind, db)

 	if err := store.Ping(); err != nil {
 		printErrorAndExit(err)
 	}

 	if flagMigrate {
-		if err := database.Migrate(db); err != nil {
+		if err := database.Migrate(kind, db); err != nil {
 			printErrorAndExit(err)
 		}
 		return
@ -228,12 +234,12 @@ func Parse() {

 	// Run migrations and start the daemon.
 	if config.Opts.RunMigrations() {
-		if err := database.Migrate(db); err != nil {
+		if err := database.Migrate(kind, db); err != nil {
 			printErrorAndExit(err)
 		}
 	}

-	if err := database.IsSchemaUpToDate(db); err != nil {
+	if err := database.IsSchemaUpToDate(kind, db); err != nil {
 		printErrorAndExit(err)
 	}

--- a/internal/config/options.go
+++ b/internal/config/options.go
@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ func NewConfigOptions() *configOptions {
 				},
 			},
 			"DATABASE_URL": {
-				ParsedStringValue: "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable",
-				RawValue:          "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable",
+				ParsedStringValue: "postgres://postgres:postgres/postgres?sslmode=disable",
+				RawValue:          "postgres://postgres:postgres/postgres?sslmode=disable",
 				ValueType:         stringType,
 				Secret:            true,
 			},
@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ func (c *configOptions) IsAuthProxyUserCreationAllowed() bool {
 }

 func (c *configOptions) IsDefaultDatabaseURL() bool {
-	return c.options["DATABASE_URL"].RawValue == "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable"
+	return c.options["DATABASE_URL"].RawValue == "postgres://postgres:postgres/postgres?sslmode=disable"
 }

 func (c *configOptions) IsOAuth2UserCreationAllowed() bool {
--- a/internal/config/options_parsing_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/options_parsing_test.go
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ func TestDatabaseMinConnsOptionParsing(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDatabaseURLOptionParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	configParser := NewConfigParser()

-	if configParser.options.DatabaseURL() != "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable" {
+	if configParser.options.DatabaseURL() != "postgres://postgres:postgres/postgres?sslmode=disable" {
 		t.Fatal("Expected DATABASE_URL to have default value")
 	}

--- a/internal/database/cockroach.go
+++ b/internal/database/cockroach.go
@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The Miniflux Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package database // import "miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+
+	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
+)
+
+var cockroachSchemaVersion = len(cockroachMigrations)
+
+// Order is important. Add new migrations at the end of the list.
+var cockroachMigrations = []Migration{
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
+		sql := `
+			CREATE TABLE schema_version (
+			  version STRING NOT NULL,
+			  rowid INT8 NOT VISIBLE NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  CONSTRAINT schema_version_pkey PRIMARY KEY (rowid ASC)
+			);
+		`
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sql)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
+		sql := `
+			CREATE TYPE entry_status AS ENUM ('unread', 'read', 'removed');
+			CREATE TYPE entry_sorting_direction AS ENUM ('asc', 'desc');
+			CREATE TYPE webapp_display_mode AS ENUM ('fullscreen', 'standalone', 'minimal-ui', 'browser');
+			CREATE TYPE entry_sorting_order AS ENUM ('published_at', 'created_at');
+		`
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sql)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
+		sql := `
+			CREATE TABLE users (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  username STRING NOT NULL,
+			  password STRING NULL,
+			  is_admin BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  language STRING NULL DEFAULT 'en_US':::STRING,
+			  timezone STRING NULL DEFAULT 'UTC':::STRING,
+			  theme STRING NULL DEFAULT 'light_serif':::STRING,
+			  last_login_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL,
+			  entry_direction entry_sorting_direction NULL DEFAULT 'asc':::entry_sorting_direction,
+			  keyboard_shortcuts BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  entries_per_page INT8 NULL DEFAULT 100:::INT8,
+			  show_reading_time BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  entry_swipe BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  stylesheet STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  google_id STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  openid_connect_id STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  display_mode webapp_display_mode NULL DEFAULT 'standalone':::webapp_display_mode,
+			  entry_order entry_sorting_order NULL DEFAULT 'published_at':::entry_sorting_order,
+			  default_reading_speed INT8 NULL DEFAULT 265:::INT8,
+			  cjk_reading_speed INT8 NULL DEFAULT 500:::INT8,
+			  default_home_page STRING NULL DEFAULT 'unread':::STRING,
+			  categories_sorting_order STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unread_count':::STRING,
+			  gesture_nav STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT 'tap':::STRING,
+			  mark_read_on_view BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  media_playback_rate DECIMAL NULL DEFAULT 1:::DECIMAL,
+			  block_filter_entry_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  keep_filter_entry_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  mark_read_on_media_player_completion BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  custom_js STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  external_font_hosts STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  always_open_external_links BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  open_external_links_in_new_tab BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  CONSTRAINT users_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX users_username_key (username ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX users_google_id_idx (google_id ASC) WHERE google_id != '':::STRING,
+			  UNIQUE INDEX users_openid_connect_id_idx (openid_connect_id ASC) WHERE openid_connect_id != '':::STRING
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE user_sessions (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  token STRING NOT NULL,
+			  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  user_agent STRING NULL,
+			  ip STRING NULL,
+			  CONSTRAINT sessions_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX sessions_token_key (token ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX sessions_user_id_token_key (user_id ASC, token ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE categories (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  title STRING NOT NULL,
+			  hide_globally BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  CONSTRAINT categories_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX categories_user_id_title_key (user_id ASC, title ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE feeds (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  category_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  title STRING NOT NULL,
+			  feed_url STRING NOT NULL,
+			  site_url STRING NOT NULL,
+			  checked_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  etag_header STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  last_modified_header STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  parsing_error_msg STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  parsing_error_count INT8 NULL DEFAULT 0:::INT8,
+			  scraper_rules STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  rewrite_rules STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  crawler BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  user_agent STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  disabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  next_check_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  ignore_http_cache BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  fetch_via_proxy BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  blocklist_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  keeplist_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  allow_self_signed_certificates BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  cookie STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  hide_globally BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  url_rewrite_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  no_media_player BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  apprise_service_urls STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  disable_http2 BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  description STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  ntfy_priority INT8 NULL DEFAULT 3:::INT8,
+			  webhook_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pushover_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  pushover_priority INT8 NULL DEFAULT 0:::INT8,
+			  ntfy_topic STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  proxy_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  block_filter_entry_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  keep_filter_entry_rules STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  CONSTRAINT feeds_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX feeds_user_id_feed_url_key (user_id ASC, feed_url ASC),
+			  INDEX feeds_user_category_idx (user_id ASC, category_id ASC),
+			  INDEX feeds_feed_id_hide_globally_idx (id ASC, hide_globally ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE entries (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  feed_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  hash STRING NOT NULL,
+			  published_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+			  title STRING NOT NULL,
+			  url STRING NOT NULL,
+			  author STRING NULL,
+			  content STRING NULL,
+			  status entry_status NULL DEFAULT 'unread':::entry_status,
+			  starred BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  comments_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  document_vectors TSVECTOR NULL,
+			  changed_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+			  share_code STRING NOT NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  reading_time INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 0:::INT8,
+			  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  tags STRING[] NULL DEFAULT ARRAY[]:::STRING[],
+			  CONSTRAINT entries_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX entries_feed_id_hash_key (feed_id ASC, hash ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_feed_idx (feed_id ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC),
+			  INVERTED INDEX document_vectors_idx (document_vectors),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX entries_share_code_idx (share_code ASC) WHERE share_code != '':::STRING,
+			  INDEX entries_user_feed_idx (user_id ASC, feed_id ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_id_user_status_idx (id ASC, user_id ASC, status ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_feed_id_status_hash_idx (feed_id ASC, status ASC, hash ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_id_status_starred_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, starred ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_feed_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, feed_id ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_changed_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, changed_at ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_published_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, published_at ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_created_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, created_at ASC),
+			  INDEX entries_user_status_changed_published_idx (user_id ASC, status ASC, changed_at ASC, published_at ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE enclosures (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  entry_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  url STRING NOT NULL,
+			  size INT8 NULL DEFAULT 0:::INT8,
+			  mime_type STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  media_progression INT8 NULL DEFAULT 0:::INT8,
+			  CONSTRAINT enclosures_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX enclosures_user_entry_url_unique_idx (user_id ASC, entry_id ASC, url ASC),
+			  INDEX enclosures_entry_id_idx (entry_id ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE icons (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  hash STRING NOT NULL,
+			  mime_type STRING NOT NULL,
+			  content BYTES NOT NULL,
+			  external_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  CONSTRAINT icons_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX icons_hash_key (hash ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX icons_external_id_idx (external_id ASC) WHERE external_id != '':::STRING
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE feed_icons (
+			  feed_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  icon_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  CONSTRAINT feed_icons_pkey PRIMARY KEY (feed_id ASC, icon_id ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE integrations (
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  pinboard_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  pinboard_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pinboard_tags STRING NULL DEFAULT 'miniflux':::STRING,
+			  pinboard_mark_as_unread BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  instapaper_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  instapaper_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  instapaper_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  fever_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  fever_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  fever_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  wallabag_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_client_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_client_secret STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  nunux_keeper_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  nunux_keeper_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  nunux_keeper_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  telegram_bot_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  telegram_bot_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  telegram_bot_chat_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  googlereader_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  googlereader_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  googlereader_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  espial_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  espial_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  espial_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  espial_tags STRING NULL DEFAULT 'miniflux':::STRING,
+			  linkding_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  linkding_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkding_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  wallabag_only_url BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  matrix_bot_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  matrix_bot_user STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  matrix_bot_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  matrix_bot_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  matrix_bot_chat_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkding_tags STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkding_mark_as_unread BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  notion_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  notion_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  notion_page_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  readwise_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  readwise_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  apprise_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  apprise_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  apprise_services_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  shiori_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  shiori_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  shiori_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  shiori_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  shaarli_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  shaarli_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  shaarli_api_secret STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  webhook_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  webhook_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  webhook_secret STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  telegram_bot_topic_id INT8 NULL,
+			  telegram_bot_disable_web_page_preview BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  telegram_bot_disable_notification BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  telegram_bot_disable_buttons BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  rssbridge_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  rssbridge_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  omnivore_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  omnivore_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  omnivore_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkace_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  linkace_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkace_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkace_tags STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkace_is_private BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  linkace_check_disabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT true,
+			  linkwarden_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  linkwarden_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  linkwarden_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  readeck_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  readeck_only_url BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  readeck_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  readeck_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  readeck_labels STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  raindrop_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  raindrop_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  raindrop_collection_id STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  raindrop_tags STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  betula_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  betula_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  betula_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  ntfy_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  ntfy_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_topic STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_api_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_username STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_password STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_icon_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  cubox_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  cubox_api_link STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  discord_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  discord_webhook_link STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  ntfy_internal_links BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  slack_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  slack_webhook_link STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pushover_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  pushover_user STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pushover_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pushover_device STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  pushover_prefix STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  rssbridge_token STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  karakeep_enabled BOOL NULL DEFAULT false,
+			  karakeep_api_key STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  karakeep_url STRING NULL DEFAULT '':::STRING,
+			  CONSTRAINT integrations_pkey PRIMARY KEY (user_id ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE sessions (
+			  id STRING NOT NULL,
+			  data JSONB NOT NULL,
+			  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  CONSTRAINT sessions_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE api_keys (
+			  id INT8 NOT NULL DEFAULT unique_rowid(),
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  token STRING NOT NULL,
+			  description STRING NOT NULL,
+			  last_used_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL,
+			  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  CONSTRAINT api_keys_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX api_keys_token_key (token ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX api_keys_user_id_description_key (user_id ASC, description ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE acme_cache (
+			  key VARCHAR(400) NOT NULL,
+			  data BYTES NOT NULL,
+			  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
+			  CONSTRAINT acme_cache_pkey PRIMARY KEY (key ASC)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE webauthn_credentials (
+			  handle BYTES NOT NULL,
+			  cred_id BYTES NOT NULL,
+			  user_id INT8 NOT NULL,
+			  key BYTES NOT NULL,
+			  attestation_type VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+			  aaguid BYTES NULL,
+			  sign_count INT8 NULL,
+			  clone_warning BOOL NULL,
+			  name STRING NULL,
+			  added_on TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  last_seen_on TIMESTAMPTZ NULL DEFAULT now():::TIMESTAMPTZ,
+			  CONSTRAINT webauthn_credentials_pkey PRIMARY KEY (handle ASC),
+			  UNIQUE INDEX webauthn_credentials_cred_id_key (cred_id ASC)
+			);
+		`
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sql)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
+		sql := `
+			ALTER TABLE user_sessions ADD CONSTRAINT sessions_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE categories ADD CONSTRAINT categories_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE feeds ADD CONSTRAINT feeds_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE feeds ADD CONSTRAINT feeds_category_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE entries ADD CONSTRAINT entries_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE entries ADD CONSTRAINT entries_feed_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (feed_id) REFERENCES feeds(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE enclosures ADD CONSTRAINT enclosures_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE enclosures ADD CONSTRAINT enclosures_entry_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (entry_id) REFERENCES entries(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE feed_icons ADD CONSTRAINT feed_icons_feed_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (feed_id) REFERENCES feeds(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE feed_icons ADD CONSTRAINT feed_icons_icon_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (icon_id) REFERENCES icons(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE api_keys ADD CONSTRAINT api_keys_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+			ALTER TABLE webauthn_credentials ADD CONSTRAINT webauthn_credentials_user_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;		`
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sql)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
+		sql := `
+			ALTER TABLE user_sessions VALIDATE CONSTRAINT sessions_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE categories VALIDATE CONSTRAINT categories_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE feeds VALIDATE CONSTRAINT feeds_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE feeds VALIDATE CONSTRAINT feeds_category_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE entries VALIDATE CONSTRAINT entries_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE entries VALIDATE CONSTRAINT entries_feed_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE enclosures VALIDATE CONSTRAINT enclosures_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE enclosures VALIDATE CONSTRAINT enclosures_entry_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE feed_icons VALIDATE CONSTRAINT feed_icons_feed_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE feed_icons VALIDATE CONSTRAINT feed_icons_icon_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE api_keys VALIDATE CONSTRAINT api_keys_user_id_fkey;
+			ALTER TABLE webauthn_credentials VALIDATE CONSTRAINT webauthn_credentials_user_id_fkey;
+		`
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sql)
+		return err
+	},
+}
--- a/internal/database/database.go
+++ b/internal/database/database.go
@ -7,13 +7,68 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 )

+type DBKind int
+
+const (
+	DBKindPostgres DBKind = iota
+	DBKindCockroach
+	DBKindSqlite
+)
+
+var dbKindProto = map[DBKind]string{
+	DBKindPostgres:  "postgresql",
+	DBKindCockroach: "cockroachdb",
+	DBKindSqlite:    "sqlite",
+}
+
+var dbKindDriver = map[DBKind]string{
+	DBKindPostgres:  "postgres",
+	DBKindCockroach: "postgres",
+	DBKindSqlite:    "sqlite",
+}
+
+func DetectKind(conn string) (DBKind, error) {
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(conn, "postgres"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(conn, "postgresql"):
+		return DBKindPostgres, nil
+	case strings.HasPrefix(conn, "cockroach"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(conn, "cockroachdb"):
+		return DBKindCockroach, nil
+	case strings.HasPrefix(conn, "file"),
+		strings.HasPrefix(conn, "sqlite"):
+		return DBKindSqlite, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown db kind in conn string: %q", conn)
+	}
+}
+
+type Migration func(*sql.Tx) error
+
+var dbKindMigrations = map[DBKind][]Migration{
+	DBKindPostgres:  postgresMigrations,
+	DBKindCockroach: cockroachMigrations,
+	DBKindSqlite:    sqliteMigrations,
+}
+
+var dbKindSchemaVersion = map[DBKind]int{
+	DBKindPostgres:  postgresSchemaVersion,
+	DBKindCockroach: cockroachSchemaVersion,
+	DBKindSqlite:    sqliteSchemaVersion,
+}
+
 // Migrate executes database migrations.
-func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
+func Migrate(kind DBKind, db *sql.DB) error {
 	var currentVersion int
 	db.QueryRow(`SELECT version FROM schema_version`).Scan(&currentVersion)

+	migrations := dbKindMigrations[kind]
+	schemaVersion := dbKindSchemaVersion[kind]
+
 	slog.Info("Running database migrations",
 		slog.Int("current_version", currentVersion),
 		slog.Int("latest_version", schemaVersion),
@ -32,15 +87,25 @@ func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
 		}

+		if kind == DBKindSqlite {
+			if _, err := tx.Exec(`DELETE FROM schema_version`); err != nil {
+				tx.Rollback()
+				return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
+			}
+			if _, err := tx.Exec(`INSERT INTO schema_version (version) VALUES (?)`, newVersion); err != nil {
+				tx.Rollback()
+				return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
+			}
+		} else {
 			if _, err := tx.Exec(`TRUNCATE schema_version`); err != nil {
 				tx.Rollback()
 				return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
 			}
-
 			if _, err := tx.Exec(`INSERT INTO schema_version (version) VALUES ($1)`, newVersion); err != nil {
 				tx.Rollback()
 				return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
 			}
+		}

 		if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("[Migration v%d] %v", newVersion, err)
@ -51,7 +116,9 @@ func Migrate(db *sql.DB) error {
 }

 // IsSchemaUpToDate checks if the database schema is up to date.
-func IsSchemaUpToDate(db *sql.DB) error {
+func IsSchemaUpToDate(kind DBKind, db *sql.DB) error {
+	schemaVersion := dbKindSchemaVersion[kind]
+
 	var currentVersion int
 	db.QueryRow(`SELECT version FROM schema_version`).Scan(&currentVersion)
 	if currentVersion < schemaVersion {
@ -59,3 +126,25 @@ func IsSchemaUpToDate(db *sql.DB) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func NewConnectionPool(kind DBKind, dsn string, minConnections, maxConnections int, connectionLifetime time.Duration) (*sql.DB, error) {
+	driver := dbKindDriver[kind]
+
+	// replace cockroachdb protocol with postgres
+	// we use cockroachdb protocol to detect cockroachdb but go wants postgres
+	if kind == DBKindCockroach {
+		split := strings.SplitN(dsn, ":", 2)
+		dsn = fmt.Sprintf("postgres:%s", split[1])
+	}
+
+	db, err := sql.Open(driver, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	db.SetMaxOpenConns(maxConnections)
+	db.SetMaxIdleConns(minConnections)
+	db.SetConnMaxLifetime(connectionLifetime)
+
+	return db, nil
+}
--- a/internal/database/migrations.go
+++ b/internal/database/migrations.go
--- a/internal/database/postgresql.go
+++ b/internal/database/postgresql.go
--- a/internal/database/sqlite.go
+++ b/internal/database/sqlite.go
@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The Miniflux Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package database // import "miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+
+	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
+)
+
+var sqliteSchemaVersion = len(sqliteMigrations)
+
+// Order is important. Add new migrations at the end of the list.
+var sqliteMigrations = []Migration{
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(`
+			CREATE TABLE schema_version (
+				version INTEGER NOT NULL
+			);
+		`)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(`
+			CREATE TABLE users (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+				password TEXT,
+				is_admin INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				language TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'en_US',
+				timezone TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'UTC',
+				theme TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'light_serif',
+				last_login_at DATETIME,
+				entry_direction TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'asc' CHECK (entry_direction IN ('asc','desc')),
+				keyboard_shortcuts INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				entries_per_page INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
+				show_reading_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				entry_swipe INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				stylesheet TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				google_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				openid_connect_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				display_mode TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'standalone' CHECK (display_mode IN ('fullscreen','standalone','minimal-ui','browser')),
+				entry_order TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'published_at' CHECK (entry_order IN ('published_at','created_at')),
+				default_reading_speed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 265,
+				cjk_reading_speed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 500,
+				default_home_page TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unread',
+				categories_sorting_order TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unread_count',
+				gesture_nav TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'tap',
+				mark_read_on_view INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				media_playback_rate REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.0,
+				block_filter_entry_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				keep_filter_entry_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				mark_read_on_media_player_completion INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				custom_js TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				external_font_hosts TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				always_open_external_links INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				open_external_links_in_new_tab INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE user_sessions (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				token TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+				created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				user_agent TEXT,
+				ip TEXT,
+				UNIQUE(user_id, token),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE categories (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				title TEXT NOT NULL,
+				hide_globally INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				UNIQUE(user_id, title),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE feeds (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				category_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				title TEXT NOT NULL,
+				feed_url TEXT NOT NULL,
+				site_url TEXT NOT NULL,
+				checked_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				etag_header TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				last_modified_header TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				parsing_error_msg TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				parsing_error_count INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				scraper_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				rewrite_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				crawler INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				user_agent TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				disabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				next_check_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				ignore_http_cache INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				fetch_via_proxy INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				blocklist_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				keeplist_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				allow_self_signed_certificates INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				cookie TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				hide_globally INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				url_rewrite_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				no_media_player INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				apprise_service_urls TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				disable_http2 INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				description TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				ntfy_priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 3,
+				webhook_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pushover_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				pushover_priority INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				ntfy_topic TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				proxy_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				block_filter_entry_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				keep_filter_entry_rules TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				UNIQUE(user_id, feed_url),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE entries (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				feed_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+				published_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
+				title TEXT NOT NULL,
+				url TEXT NOT NULL,
+				author TEXT,
+				content TEXT,
+				status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'unread' CHECK (status IN ('unread','read','removed')),
+				starred INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				comments_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				changed_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
+				share_code TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				reading_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				UNIQUE(feed_id, hash),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				FOREIGN KEY (feed_id) REFERENCES feeds(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE enclosures (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				entry_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				url TEXT NOT NULL,
+				size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				mime_type TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				media_progression INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				UNIQUE(user_id, entry_id, url),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				FOREIGN KEY (entry_id) REFERENCES entries(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE icons (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+				mime_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+				content BLOB NOT NULL,
+				external_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				UNIQUE(hash)
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE feed_icons (
+				feed_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				icon_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				PRIMARY KEY (feed_id, icon_id),
+				FOREIGN KEY (feed_id) REFERENCES feeds(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+				FOREIGN KEY (icon_id) REFERENCES icons(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE integrations (
+				user_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+				pinboard_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				pinboard_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pinboard_tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'miniflux',
+				pinboard_mark_as_unread INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				instapaper_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				instapaper_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				instapaper_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				fever_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				fever_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				fever_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				wallabag_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_client_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_client_secret TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				nunux_keeper_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				nunux_keeper_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				nunux_keeper_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				telegram_bot_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				telegram_bot_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				telegram_bot_chat_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				googlereader_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				googlereader_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				googlereader_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				espial_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				espial_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				espial_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				espial_tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'miniflux',
+				linkding_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				linkding_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkding_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				wallabag_only_url INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				matrix_bot_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				matrix_bot_user TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				matrix_bot_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				matrix_bot_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				matrix_bot_chat_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkding_tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkding_mark_as_unread INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				notion_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				notion_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				notion_page_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				readwise_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				readwise_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				apprise_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				apprise_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				apprise_services_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				shiori_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				shiori_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				shiori_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				shiori_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				shaarli_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				shaarli_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				shaarli_api_secret TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				webhook_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				webhook_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				webhook_secret TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				telegram_bot_topic_id INTEGER,
+				telegram_bot_disable_web_page_preview INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				telegram_bot_disable_notification INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				telegram_bot_disable_buttons INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				rssbridge_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				rssbridge_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				omnivore_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				omnivore_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				omnivore_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkace_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				linkace_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkace_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkace_tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkace_is_private INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				linkace_check_disabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+				linkwarden_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				linkwarden_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				linkwarden_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				readeck_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				readeck_only_url INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				readeck_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				readeck_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				readeck_labels TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				raindrop_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				raindrop_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				raindrop_collection_id TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				raindrop_tags TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				betula_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				betula_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				betula_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				ntfy_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				ntfy_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_topic TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_api_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_password TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_icon_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				cubox_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				cubox_api_link TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				discord_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				discord_webhook_link TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				ntfy_internal_links INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				slack_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				slack_webhook_link TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pushover_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				pushover_user TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pushover_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pushover_device TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				pushover_prefix TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				rssbridge_token TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				karakeep_enabled INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+				karakeep_api_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				karakeep_url TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE sessions (
+				id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+				data TEXT NOT NULL,
+				created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now'))
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE api_keys (
+				id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				token TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+				description TEXT NOT NULL,
+				last_used_at DATETIME,
+				created_at DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				UNIQUE(user_id, description),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE acme_cache (
+				key TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+				data BLOB NOT NULL,
+				updated_at DATETIME NOT NULL
+			);
+			CREATE TABLE webauthn_credentials (
+				handle BLOB PRIMARY KEY,
+				cred_id BLOB NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+				user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+				key BLOB NOT NULL,
+				attestation_type TEXT NOT NULL,
+				aaguid BLOB,
+				sign_count INTEGER,
+				clone_warning INTEGER,
+				name TEXT,
+				added_on DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				last_seen_on DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (DATETIME('now')),
+				FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+			);
+		`)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(`
+			CREATE UNIQUE INDEX icons_external_id_uq ON icons(external_id) WHERE external_id != '';
+			CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_google_id_uq ON users(google_id) WHERE google_id != '';
+			CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_openid_connect_id_uq ON users(openid_connect_id) WHERE openid_connect_id != '';
+			CREATE UNIQUE INDEX entries_share_code_uq ON entries(share_code) WHERE share_code != '';
+
+			CREATE INDEX feeds_user_category_idx ON feeds(user_id, category_id);
+			CREATE INDEX feeds_id_hide_globally_idx ON feeds(id, hide_globally);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_feed_idx ON entries(feed_id);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_idx ON entries(user_id, status);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_feed_idx ON entries(user_id, feed_id);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_changed_idx ON entries(user_id, status, changed_at);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_published_idx ON entries(user_id, status, published_at);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_created_idx ON entries(user_id, status, created_at);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_id_user_status_idx ON entries(id, user_id, status);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_feed_id_status_hash_idx ON entries(feed_id, status, hash);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_id_status_starred_idx ON entries(user_id, status, starred);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_feed_idx ON entries(user_id, status, feed_id);
+			CREATE INDEX entries_user_status_changed_published_idx ON entries(user_id, status, changed_at, published_at);
+			CREATE INDEX enclosures_entry_id_idx ON enclosures(entry_id);
+			CREATE INDEX feed_icons_icon_id_idx ON feed_icons(icon_id);
+		`)
+		return err
+	},
+	func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(`
+			CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE entries_fts USING fts5(
+				title,
+				content,
+				tags,
+				entry_id UNINDEXED,
+				content='',
+				-- as close to PostgreSQL as possible while being multilingual
+    			tokenize = "unicode61 remove_diacritics 2 tokenchars '-_'"
+  			);
+
+			CREATE TRIGGER entries_ai AFTER INSERT ON entries BEGIN
+				INSERT INTO entries_fts(rowid,title,content,tags,entry_id)
+				VALUES (new.id,new.title,COALESCE(new.content,''),COALESCE(new.tags,''),new.id);
+			END;
+
+			CREATE TRIGGER entries_au AFTER UPDATE ON entries BEGIN
+				INSERT INTO entries_fts(entries_fts,rowid) VALUES('delete', old.id);
+				INSERT INTO entries_fts(rowid,title,content,tags,entry_id)
+				VALUES (new.id,new.title,COALESCE(new.content,''),COALESCE(new.tags,''),new.id);
+			END;
+
+			CREATE TRIGGER entries_ad AFTER DELETE ON entries BEGIN
+				INSERT INTO entries_fts(entries_fts,rowid) VALUES('delete', old.id);
+			END;
+		`)
+		return err
+	},
+}
--- a/internal/storage/enclosure.go
+++ b/internal/storage/enclosure.go
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"

+	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/model"

 	"github.com/lib/pq"
@ -49,7 +50,6 @@ func (s *Storage) GetEnclosures(entryID int64) (model.EnclosureList, error) {
 			&enclosure.MimeType,
 			&enclosure.MediaProgression,
 		)
-
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf(`store: unable to fetch enclosure row: %v`, err)
 		}
@ -150,15 +150,20 @@ func (s *Storage) createEnclosure(tx *sql.Tx, enclosure *model.Enclosure) error
 		return nil
 	}

-	query := `
+	urlPart := "md5(url)"
+	if s.kind == database.DBKindCockroach {
+		urlPart = "url"
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 		INSERT INTO enclosures
 			(url, size, mime_type, entry_id, user_id, media_progression)
 		VALUES
 			($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
-		ON CONFLICT (user_id, entry_id, md5(url)) DO NOTHING
+		ON CONFLICT (user_id, entry_id, %s) DO NOTHING
 		RETURNING
 			id
-	`
+	`, urlPart)
 	if err := tx.QueryRow(
 		query,
 		enclosureURL,
@ -226,7 +231,6 @@ func (s *Storage) UpdateEnclosure(enclosure *model.Enclosure) error {
 		enclosure.MediaProgression,
 		enclosure.ID,
 	)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(`store: unable to update enclosure #%d : %v`, enclosure.ID, err)
 	}
--- a/internal/storage/entry.go
+++ b/internal/storage/entry.go
@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ package storage // import "miniflux.app/v2/internal/storage"

 import (
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"

 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/crypto"
+	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/model"

 	"github.com/lib/pq"
@ -70,17 +72,24 @@ func (s *Storage) NewEntryQueryBuilder(userID int64) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 // UpdateEntryTitleAndContent updates entry title and content.
 func (s *Storage) UpdateEntryTitleAndContent(entry *model.Entry) error {
 	truncatedTitle, truncatedContent := truncateTitleAndContentForTSVectorField(entry.Title, entry.Content)
-	query := `
+	vectorPart := ""
+	if s.kind != database.DBKindSqlite {
+		vectorPart = ", document_vectors = setweight(to_tsvector($4), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($5), 'B')"
+		if s.kind == database.DBKindCockroach {
+			vectorPart = ", document_vectors = to_tsvector(substring($4 || ' ' || $4 || ' ' || coalesce($5, '') for 1000000))"
+		}
+	}
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 		UPDATE
 			entries
 		SET
 			title=$1,
 			content=$2,
-			reading_time=$3,
-			document_vectors = setweight(to_tsvector($4), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($5), 'B')
+			reading_time=$3
+			%s
 		WHERE
 			id=$6 AND user_id=$7
-	`
+	`, vectorPart)

 	if _, err := s.db.Exec(
 		query,
@ -100,7 +109,14 @@ func (s *Storage) UpdateEntryTitleAndContent(entry *model.Entry) error {
 // createEntry add a new entry.
 func (s *Storage) createEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 	truncatedTitle, truncatedContent := truncateTitleAndContentForTSVectorField(entry.Title, entry.Content)
-	query := `
+	vectorParts := [2]string{"", ""}
+	if s.kind != database.DBKindSqlite {
+		vectorParts = [2]string{",document_vectors", ",setweight(to_tsvector($11), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($12), 'B')"}
+		if s.kind == database.DBKindCockroach {
+			vectorParts[1] = ",to_tsvector(substring($11 || ' ' || $11 || ' ' || coalesce($12, '') for 1000000))"
+		}
+	}
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 		INSERT INTO entries
 			(
 				title,
@ -114,8 +130,8 @@ func (s *Storage) createEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 				feed_id,
 				reading_time,
 				changed_at,
-				document_vectors,
 				tags
+				%s
 			)
 		VALUES
 			(
@ -130,12 +146,24 @@ func (s *Storage) createEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 				$9,
 				$10,
 				now(),
-				setweight(to_tsvector($11), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($12), 'B'),
 				$13
+				%s
 			)
 		RETURNING
 			id, status, created_at, changed_at
-	`
+	`, vectorParts[0], vectorParts[1])
+
+	var tagsParam any
+	if s.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+		sqliteTagsParam, err := encodeTagsJSON(entry.Tags)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("encode tags: %w", err)
+		}
+		tagsParam = sqliteTagsParam
+	} else {
+		tagsParam = pq.Array(entry.Tags)
+	}
+
 	err := tx.QueryRow(
 		query,
 		entry.Title,
@ -150,7 +178,7 @@ func (s *Storage) createEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 		entry.ReadingTime,
 		truncatedTitle,
 		truncatedContent,
-		pq.Array(entry.Tags),
+		tagsParam,
 	).Scan(
 		&entry.ID,
 		&entry.Status,
@ -178,7 +206,14 @@ func (s *Storage) createEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 // it default to time.Now() which could change the order of items on the history page.
 func (s *Storage) updateEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 	truncatedTitle, truncatedContent := truncateTitleAndContentForTSVectorField(entry.Title, entry.Content)
-	query := `
+	vectorPart := ""
+	if s.kind != database.DBKindSqlite {
+		vectorPart = ",document_vectors = setweight(to_tsvector($7), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($8), 'B')"
+		if s.kind == database.DBKindCockroach {
+			vectorPart = ",document_vectors = to_tsvector(substring($7 || ' ' || $7 || ' ' || coalesce($8, '') for 1000000))"
+		}
+	}
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 		UPDATE
 			entries
 		SET
@ -188,13 +223,25 @@ func (s *Storage) updateEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 			content=$4,
 			author=$5,
 			reading_time=$6,
-			document_vectors = setweight(to_tsvector($7), 'A') || setweight(to_tsvector($8), 'B'),
 			tags=$12
+			%s
 		WHERE
 			user_id=$9 AND feed_id=$10 AND hash=$11
 		RETURNING
 			id
-	`
+	`, vectorPart)
+
+	var tagsParam any
+	if s.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+		sqliteTagsParam, err := encodeTagsJSON(entry.Tags)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("encode tags: %w", err)
+		}
+		tagsParam = sqliteTagsParam
+	} else {
+		tagsParam = pq.Array(entry.Tags)
+	}
+
 	err := tx.QueryRow(
 		query,
 		entry.Title,
@ -208,7 +255,7 @@ func (s *Storage) updateEntry(tx *sql.Tx, entry *model.Entry) error {
 		entry.UserID,
 		entry.FeedID,
 		entry.Hash,
-		pq.Array(entry.Tags),
+		tagsParam,
 	).Scan(&entry.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf(`store: unable to update entry %q: %v`, entry.URL, err)
@ -301,7 +348,12 @@ func (s *Storage) DeleteRemovedEntriesEnclosures() (int64, error) {

 // ClearRemovedEntriesContent clears the content fields of entries marked as "removed", keeping only their metadata.
 func (s *Storage) ClearRemovedEntriesContent(limit int) (int64, error) {
-	query := `
+	vectorPart := ""
+	if s.kind != database.DBKindSqlite {
+		vectorPart = ",document_vectors=NULL"
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
 		UPDATE
 			entries
 		SET
@ -309,8 +361,8 @@ func (s *Storage) ClearRemovedEntriesContent(limit int) (int64, error) {
 			content=NULL,
 			url='',
 			author=NULL,
-			comments_url=NULL,
-			document_vectors=NULL
+			comments_url=NULL
+			%s
 		WHERE id IN (
 			SELECT id
 			FROM entries
@ -318,7 +370,7 @@ func (s *Storage) ClearRemovedEntriesContent(limit int) (int64, error) {
 			ORDER BY id ASC
 			LIMIT $2
 		)
-	`
+	`, vectorPart)

 	result, err := s.db.Exec(query, model.EntryStatusRemoved, limit)
 	if err != nil {
@ -737,3 +789,19 @@ func truncateStringForTSVectorField(s string, maxSize int) string {
 	// Fallback: return empty string if we can't find a valid UTF-8 boundary
 	return ""
 }
+
+func encodeTagsJSON(tags []string) (string, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(tags)
+	return string(b), err
+}
+
+func decodeTagsJSON(s string) ([]string, error) {
+	if s == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	var tags []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &tags); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return tags, nil
+}
--- a/internal/storage/entry_pagination_builder.go
+++ b/internal/storage/entry_pagination_builder.go
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

+	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/model"
 )

@ -20,13 +21,22 @@ type EntryPaginationBuilder struct {
 	entryID      int64
 	order        string
 	direction    string
+	useSqliteFts bool
 }

 // WithSearchQuery adds full-text search query to the condition.
 func (e *EntryPaginationBuilder) WithSearchQuery(query string) {
 	if query != "" {
-		e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("e.document_vectors @@ plainto_tsquery($%d)", len(e.args)+1))
+		nArgs := len(e.args) + 1
+		if e.store.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+			query = toSqliteFtsQuery(query)
+			e.useSqliteFts = true
+			e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("fts MATCH $%d", nArgs))
 			e.args = append(e.args, query)
+		} else {
+			e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("e.document_vectors @@ plainto_tsquery($%d)", nArgs))
+			e.args = append(e.args, query)
+		}
 	}
 }

@ -61,12 +71,27 @@ func (e *EntryPaginationBuilder) WithStatus(status string) {

 func (e *EntryPaginationBuilder) WithTags(tags []string) {
 	if len(tags) > 0 {
+		if e.store.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+			for _, tag := range tags {
+				n := len(e.args) + 1
+				cond := fmt.Sprintf(`
+					EXISTS (
+						SELECT 1
+						FROM json_each(COALESCE(e.tags, '[]')) AS jt
+						WHERE lower(jt.value) = lower($%d)
+					)
+				`, n)
+				e.conditions = append(e.conditions, cond)
+				e.args = append(e.args, tag)
+			}
+		} else {
 			for _, tag := range tags {
 				e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("LOWER($%d) = ANY(LOWER(e.tags::text)::text[])", len(e.args)+1))
 				e.args = append(e.args, tag)
 			}
 		}
 	}
+}

 // WithGloballyVisible adds global visibility to the condition.
 func (e *EntryPaginationBuilder) WithGloballyVisible() {
--- a/internal/storage/entry_query_builder.go
+++ b/internal/storage/entry_query_builder.go
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/lib/pq"

+	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/model"
 	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/timezone"
 )
@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ type EntryQueryBuilder struct {
 	limit           int
 	offset          int
 	fetchEnclosures bool
+	useSqliteFts    bool
 }

 // WithEnclosures fetches enclosures for each entry.
@ -37,6 +39,14 @@ func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) WithEnclosures() *EntryQueryBuilder {
 func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) WithSearchQuery(query string) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 	if query != "" {
 		nArgs := len(e.args) + 1
+		if e.store.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+			query = toSqliteFtsQuery(query)
+			e.useSqliteFts = true
+			e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("fts MATCH $%d", nArgs))
+			e.args = append(e.args, query)
+
+			e.WithSorting("bm25(fts)", "DESC")
+		} else {
 			e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("e.document_vectors @@ plainto_tsquery($%d)", nArgs))
 			e.args = append(e.args, query)

@ -46,6 +56,7 @@ func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) WithSearchQuery(query string) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 				"DESC",
 			)
 		}
+	}
 	return e
 }

@ -160,11 +171,26 @@ func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) WithStatuses(statuses []string) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 // WithTags filter by a list of entry tags.
 func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) WithTags(tags []string) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 	if len(tags) > 0 {
+		if e.store.kind == database.DBKindSqlite {
+			for _, tag := range tags {
+				n := len(e.args) + 1
+				cond := fmt.Sprintf(`
+					EXISTS (
+						SELECT 1
+						FROM json_each(COALESCE(e.tags, '[]')) AS jt
+						WHERE lower(jt.value) = lower($%d)
+					)
+				`, n)
+				e.conditions = append(e.conditions, cond)
+				e.args = append(e.args, tag)
+			}
+		} else {
 			for _, cat := range tags {
 				e.conditions = append(e.conditions, fmt.Sprintf("LOWER($%d) = ANY(LOWER(e.tags::text)::text[])", len(e.args)+1))
 				e.args = append(e.args, cat)
 			}
 		}
+	}
 	return e
 }

@ -307,7 +333,16 @@ func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) GetEntries() (model.Entries, error) {
 			icons i ON i.id=fi.icon_id
 		LEFT JOIN
 			users u ON u.id=e.user_id
-		WHERE ` + e.buildCondition() + " " + e.buildSorting()
+	`
+
+	if e.useSqliteFts {
+		query += `
+			LEFT JOIN
+			  entries_fts fts ON fts.rowid = e.id
+  		`
+	}
+
+	query += " WHERE " + e.buildCondition() + " " + e.buildSorting()

 	rows, err := e.store.db.Query(query, e.args...)
 	if err != nil {
@ -364,7 +399,6 @@ func (e *EntryQueryBuilder) GetEntries() (model.Entries, error) {
 			&externalIconID,
 			&tz,
 		)
-
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("store: unable to fetch entry row: %v", err)
 		}
@ -480,3 +514,16 @@ func NewAnonymousQueryBuilder(store *Storage) *EntryQueryBuilder {
 		store: store,
 	}
 }
+
+func toSqliteFtsQuery(q string) string {
+	q = strings.TrimSpace(q)
+	if q == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	terms := strings.Fields(q)
+	for i, t := range terms {
+		t = strings.ReplaceAll(t, `"`, `""`)
+		terms[i] = `"` + t + `"`
+	}
+	return strings.Join(terms, " AND ")
+}
--- a/internal/storage/storage.go
+++ b/internal/storage/storage.go
@ -7,16 +7,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"time"
+
+	"miniflux.app/v2/internal/database"
 )

 // Storage handles all operations related to the database.
 type Storage struct {
+	kind database.DBKind
 	db   *sql.DB
 }

 // NewStorage returns a new Storage.
-func NewStorage(db *sql.DB) *Storage {
-	return &Storage{db}
+func NewStorage(kind database.DBKind, db *sql.DB) *Storage {
+	return &Storage{kind, db}
 }

 // DatabaseVersion returns the version of the database which is in use.
--- a/miniflux.1
+++ b/miniflux.1
@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ Minimum number of database connections\&.
 Default is 1\&.
 .TP
 .B DATABASE_URL
-Postgresql connection parameters\&.
+Database connection parameters\&.
 .br
-Default is "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable"\&.
+Default is "postgres://postgres:postgres/postgres?sslmode=disable"\&.
 .TP
 .B DATABASE_URL_FILE
 Path to a secret key exposed as a file, it should contain $DATABASE_URL value\&.
--- a/packaging/systemd/miniflux.service
+++ b/packaging/systemd/miniflux.service
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 [Unit]
 Description=Miniflux
 Documentation=man:miniflux(1) https://miniflux.app/docs/index.html
-After=network.target postgresql.service
+After=network.target postgresql.service cockroachdb.service

 [Service]
 ExecStart=/usr/bin/miniflux